CSS APPLICATION
How To Apply CSS to Html
When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the HTML document according to the information in the style sheet.
Three Ways to Insert CSS in a Document
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
- External CSS: With an external style sheet, you can change the look ofwebsite by changing just one file. Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the element, inside the head section.
- Internal CSS: An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style
- Inline CSS: An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.
External styles are defined within the element, inside the section of an HTML page:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystyle.css">
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor, and must be saved with a .css extension.The external .css file should not contain any HTML tags. Here is how the "mystyle.css" file looks like:
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}
Note: Do not add a space between the property value and the unit (such as margin-left: 20 px;). The correct way is: margin-left: 20px;
Internal CSS
Internal styles are defined within the <style> element, inside the <head> section of an HTML page:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS</title>
<style>
body {
background-color:black;
}
h2{ color:blue;
margin:40px;}
p{
color:white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2> this is our second heading </h2>
<p>This is a paragraph that talks about love</p>
</body>
</html>
Inline CSS: this is a CSS styling done within a style attribute in an html element tag.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 style="color:purple;text-align:center;"> this is our second heading </h2>
<p style="color:blue;">This is a paragraph that CSS</p>
</body>
</html>;
Tip: An inline style loses many of the advantages of a style sheet (by mixing content with presentation). Use this method sparingly.
Multiple Style Sheets
If some properties have been defined for the same selector (element) in different style sheets, the value from the last read style sheet will be used. In a case where an external style sheet has the following style for the <h2> element:
h2 { color: navy; }
Then, assume that an internal style sheet also has the following style for the <h2>element:
h2 { color: orange; }
f the internal style is defined after the link to the external style sheet, then the <h2> elements will be "orange": However, if the internal style is defined before the link to the external style sheet, the <h2> elements will be "navy":
h1 { color: orange; }
Cascading Order
What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element? All the styles in a page will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number one has the highest priority:
Inline style (inside an HTML element)
External and internal style sheets (in the head section) Browser default
An inline style has the highest priority, and will override external and internal styles in any browser defaults.
